Abstract:

Introduction: more than 10 million ischemic strokes are recorded in the world every year - a disease, the mechanism of development of which is associated with impaired blood flow to the brain tissues, mainly due to embolism in intracranial arteries. One of treatment methods of ischemic stroke within the «therapeutic window», in the absence of contraindications, is systemic thrombolytic therapy. Thrombolytic therapy has a number of limitations and contraindications, including ongoing or occurring bleeding of various localization within a period of up to 6 months.

Aim: was to evaluate the possibility of performing and the effectiveness of «off-label» simultaneous selective thrombolytic therapy and uterine arteries embolization in a patient with acute ischemic stroke with multiple distal lesions of middle cerebral artery branches against the background of ongoing uterine bleeding.

Case report: patient S., 42 years old, was hospitalized to the pulmonary department for bronchial asthma treatment with the aim of preoperative preparation before extirpation of the uterus, against the background of menometrorrhagia. At one of days of hospitalization, patient suffered from acute dysarthria, right-sided hemiparesis. When performing multislice computed tomography and angiography, multiple occlusions were revealed in the distal segments (M3-M4) of the left middle cerebral artery. The patient underwent simultaneous selective thrombolytic therapy of the left middle cerebral artery and uterine artery embolization.

Results: in the next few hours of the postoperative period, the patient experienced regression of neurological deficit: symptoms of dysarthria were arrested, almost complete restoration of motor activity in the right extremities, residual slight asymmetry of the face; bleeding from uterine stopped.

The patient was discharged on the 16th day with a slight neurological deficit. The follow-up period is 18 months. Neurological status with minor deficits: slight asymmetry of facial muscles; the strength of muscles of right limbs is reduced to 4-4,5 points. Ultrasound: a significant decrease in the size of the uterus and myomatous nodes. Menstrual cycle is restored.

Conclusions: a wide range of angiographic instruments and skills of endovascular surgeons made it possible to perform «off-label» simultaneous intervention in a patient with ischemic stroke and multiple distal lesions of branches of the middle cerebral artery against the background of ongoing uterine bleeding and giant myoma. The use of methods of endovascular hemostasis makes it possible to stop bleeding by overcoming contraindications to thrombolytic therapy. The use of thrombolytic therapy within the «therapeutic window» allows regression of neurological deficits in patients with multiple distal cerebral artery lesions.

References 

1.     GBD 2016 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2019; 18(5): 439-458.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30034-1

2.     Клинические рекомендации по ведению больных с ишемическим инсультом и транзиторными ишемическими атаками. Москва; 2017: 92.

Clinical guidelines for the management of patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attacks. Moscow; 2017: 92 [In Russ].

3.     Клинические рекомендации по проведению тромболитической терапии при ишемическом инсульте. Москва; 2015: 34.

Clinical guidelines for thrombolytic therapy in ischemic stroke. Moscow; 2015: 34 [In Russ].

4.     Chiasakul T, Bauer KA. Thrombolytic therapy in acute venous thromboembolism. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2020; 1: 612-618.

5.     Yuan K, Zhang JL, Yan JY, et al. Uterine Artery Embolization with Small-Sized Particles for the Treatment of Symptomatic Adenomyosis: A 42-Month Clinical Follow-Up. Int J Gen Med. 2021; 14: 3575-3581.

6.     Клинические рекомендации: миома матки. Москва; 2020: 48.

Clinical guidelines: uterine fibroids. Moscow; 2020: 48 [In Russ].

Abstract:

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Therapeutic and Moscow Faculties of Scientific Research Practical Laboratory of intracardiac and contrast methods of roentgenological studies under the Federal Facility Russian State Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Public Health, Moscow.

This article opens a new series of publications dedicated to a currently important issue of endovascular treatment of uterine myoma - uterine artery embolization (UAE). The authors presently possessing the most abundant hands-on experience in UAE in Russia, based on own experience and literature data discuss herein the most urgent problems related to UAE in treatment for uterine myoma and other obstetrical and gynaecological pathology. Amongst them are the problems of determining the indications for and contraindications to an intervention, outcomes of UAE (including that combined with other therapeutic methods), problems of optimization of the technique and development of technical procedures allowing for UAE to be performed virtually in any situation, as well as the problems related to selection of embolizing substances. The authors also give a detailed consideration to the so-called "myths" about UAE - currently existing negative views on certain aspects of intervention, which are based on outdated and inexact evidence. The authors draw a conclusion that endovascular methods are highly promising in obstetrical and gynaecological pathology.

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Abstract:

The minute methodical details and technical aspects of uterine arteries embolization, crucial for successful intervention, are reviewed in this article. The text provides detailed descriptions of roentgen anatomy of the internal iliac arteries, different variants of blood circulation in uterus and ovaries and various types of anastomozes between uterine and ovarian arteries. The techniques indispensable for successful embolization of uterine arteries in complex anatomic cases and in peculiar ways of uterine arteries formation are thoroughly described.

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